Methods, techniques and strategy

DIFFERENTIATE METHOD, TECHNIQUE AND STRATEGY

                       INTRODUCTION

                     In developmental education teaching and learning have go on together towards the same destination, namely development.  In other words, teaching that does not culminate in learning has no place in the educative process.  In order to make the process of learning participative there is a need to shift from mere imparting knowledge to debate and discussions.  The approach to earning will keep both the learner and the teacher alive to, social realities.  There are different methods, strategies and techniques that can be adopted to make the teaching process more interesting.  These are not unrelated entities but are complementary to each other.  The demarcation between methods, techniques and strategies are used interchangeably and synonymously in Social Science education. The selection of these methods and techniques are depend upon the nature of task, learning objectives, learner abilities and student’s entering behaviour.

                     1.METHODS

     A method of teaching is primarily a scientific way of transacting curriculum, keeping in mind the psychological and physical requirements of the children.  Methods are the means of attaining predetermined goals.  Infact it forms the most important form in the total teaching learning process. Results can be in terms of cognitive development or the development of desirable habits, interests, attitudes and values and skills related to the various domains of human life.  A method connects the objectives with its results.

Characteristics of a good teaching method

✔️It should awaken inteest in the materials and techniques used by a social scientist

✔️It should give scope for the creative expression of the child’s individuality

✔️It should provide a group of related activities and experience arranged on an individual and group basis.

✔️It should stimulate the desire for further study and exploration

✔️It should shift emphasise from verbalism and memorization to learning through purposeful, concrete realistic situations.

Major methods of teaching

1.TELLING METHOD: Lecture, Questioning, Discussion etc

2.SHOWING METHODS: Demonstration, Excursion etc

3. DOING METHOD: Project, Role play, Practical etc

                       2.STRATEGIES

      Teaching strategy is a generalised plan for a lesson which includes structure, desired learner behaviour in terms of goals of instruction and an outline of planned tactics necessary to implement the strategy. The lesson strategy is part of a larger development scheme of the curriculum. It is a part of a development scheme of the curriculum and plan includes an outline of tactics of teaching which helps in implementing the strategy.

       Teaching strategy seeks to establish the relationship between teaching and learning in view of achieving the objectives.

        TYPES OF TEACHING STRATEGIES

1)AUTOCRATIC STRATEGIES

     Autocratic strategies are traditional teaching strategies.  These are content centred and teacher centred. While using these strategies the teacher’s place is primary and the pupils is secondary.  The teacher determines the content himself.  While using autocratic teaching strategy a teacher may be active, but all the pupils of the class remain passive audience.  It achieves only cognitive objectives and group development is not cared for at all.

E.g. : Lecture, Demonstration, Programmed instruction etc.

2. Democratic strategies

     Democratic strategies are child centred.  The children determine the contents.  The learner place is primary and that of teacher is secondary.  Maximum interaction occurs between the learner and the teacher.  This develops learner’s constructive capacities, in accordance to their interests, attitudes, capacities. The peculiarity of democratic strategy is to make maximum social development.

E.g: Discussion, Brain storming, Role playing etc.

Difference between Teaching Strategies and Methods

        Teaching strategies and methods are used for the same meaning but they are quite different from one another

📌*Teaching method is based on classical theory of human organization task centred where as teaching strategy is based on modern theory of organization task centred and relationship centred.

📌*The content and mode presentation are the main elements of teaching method. The matter determines method.  

📌*The behavioural objectives and learning conditions are the two elements of teaching strategy.  The objectives determine the strategy of teaching.

📌*The term strategy has been borrowed from military science and the method is the term of pedagogy

📌*The assumption regarding teaching strategy is that teaching is a science and method assumes that teaching is an art

📌*The strategies are implemented by tactics of teaching and methods are implemented by techniques of teaching

📌*The main focus of a teaching strategy is to achieve the objectives by creating appropriate learning conditions, the teaching method aims at the effective presentation of subject matter.

          Some teaching methods are also termed as teaching strategies, Lecture is used both method as well as strategy. The lecture strategy refers to realising some specific objectives but lecture method refers to mode of presentation of some specific content.

 

         3.TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING 

     It is a well-defined procedure used to accomplish a specific activity or task.  Techniques means a systematic procedure, formula or routine by which a task is accomplished.  A technique are the tools and task that use to make the method successful.  A teaching technique is the implementation of method.  Teaching technique is used to make the lesson interesting, effective and successful.

Eg: Mind Mapping, questioning, Brain storming, Role play, Puzzles etc

                  CONCLUSION

     The main focus of teaching is to bring about a desirable change in the behaviour of learner. It is brought about by the teacher using teaching strategies, methods and techniques. But traditionally we have been using teaching method for content presentation.  In order to increase the effectiveness of the presentation the audio-visual aids are also used. These terms are unrelated entities but are complementary to each other. The demarcation between them is difficult. It is duty of the teacher to adopt different techniques and strategies to make the teaching process more interesting.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dr. R. A Sharma (2008). Teaching of Social science 

Dr.K. Sivarajan (2006). The Methodology of Teaching Social Science